Difference between revisions of "Are there 613 commandments in the Torah?/ru"
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Маймонид (автор наиболее часто используемого списка 613 заповедей) начал с раввинского традиционного числа 613 и составил свой список в соответствии с ним. Например, он сгруппировал каждую отдельную команду о смертной казни под четырьмя пронумерованными командами: | Маймонид (автор наиболее часто используемого списка 613 заповедей) начал с раввинского традиционного числа 613 и составил свой список в соответствии с ним. Например, он сгруппировал каждую отдельную команду о смертной казни под четырьмя пронумерованными командами: | ||
| − | * P226 | + | * P226 Выполнение обезглавливанием<ref>https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/961586/jewish/Positive-Commandment-226.htm</ref> |
| − | * P227 | + | * P227 Выполнение по удушению<ref>https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/961587/jewish/Positive-Commandment-227.htm</ref> |
| − | * P228 | + | * P228 Выполнение путем сжигания<ref>https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/961588/jewish/Positive-Commandment-228.htm</ref> |
| − | * P229 | + | * P229 Исполнение камнями<ref>https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/961589/jewish/Positive-Commandment-229.htm</ref> |
Now, you might be thinking to yourself: "I don't remember anywhere in Biblical law where someone is required to be executed by strangulation or decapitation." | Now, you might be thinking to yourself: "I don't remember anywhere in Biblical law where someone is required to be executed by strangulation or decapitation." | ||
Revision as of 16:38, 25 November 2020
Теперь Святой Дух постоянно поселяется во всех людях Божьих, давая им новую власть над их грешной природой и направляя их рост в святой жизни, помимо буквального повиновения 613 заповедям Торы (ст. 4-6).[1].
Никто никогда не должен цитировать "613" как количество команд в Торе. Раввинистический список "613" (созданный Маймонидом) содержит множество лишних повелений, ошибочных толкований Священного Писания и множество повелений, не имеющих под собой никаких оснований в законе Божьем.
Число 613 даже не было результатом тщательного подсчета: оно было основано на раввинской нумерологии. Впервые оно было предложено некоторое время в третьем веке раввином по имени Симлай:
Rabbi Симлай произнес в проповеди [дараш раби Симлая]: Моисею было передано 613 заповедей - 365 отрицательных команд, что соответствует количеству солнечных дней [в году], и 248 положительных команд, что соответствует количеству членов [костей/органов] человеческого тела.[2]
Маймонид (автор наиболее часто используемого списка 613 заповедей) начал с раввинского традиционного числа 613 и составил свой список в соответствии с ним. Например, он сгруппировал каждую отдельную команду о смертной казни под четырьмя пронумерованными командами:
- P226 Выполнение обезглавливанием[3]
- P227 Выполнение по удушению[4]
- P228 Выполнение путем сжигания[5]
- P229 Исполнение камнями[6]
Now, you might be thinking to yourself: "I don't remember anywhere in Biblical law where someone is required to be executed by strangulation or decapitation."
And you would be correct. Now you have direct evidence for the deficiency of Maimonides' enumeration of the commandments.
The number of commands in the Torah depends upon how you choose to count them. It is possible to treat every separate detail of the law as its own individual commandment (in which case you would come up with a large number: probably over 1000). It is also possible to group the details of a command under a more general command, as we do when we say "Ten Commandments."
How many commandments are in the Ten Commandments?
This is a trick question, right? The scripture says that there are "ten commandments" which YHWH wrote upon the stone tablets (Exodus 34:28, Deut. 10:4). But the Hebrew words that are often translated "Ten Commandments" (עֲשֶׂ֖רֶת הַדְּבָרִֽים׃) can mean anything from "ten words" to "ten sayings". A "saying" of YHWH can contain more that one "commandment," as I'll show below. In one of the passages listing the Ten Commandments -- Exodus 20:3-17 -- I could make a case that there are actually sixteen commandments, not (merely) ten. It depends upon how you divide them.
This variation in counting can be seen even in Christian tradition. Many Christians aren't aware that different "branches" of Christianity actually disagree on which of the Ten Commandments are given which numbers. For example, the Third Commandment ("remember the Sabbath...") for Lutherans (and Catholics)Following the numbering of Augustine of Hippo. is actually numbered as the Fourth Commandment by Presbyterians (and most other Protestants)Following the traditional Jewish numbering.. So when Lutherans (and Catholics) get to the end of the Decalogue, they actually split the command about "coveting" into two different "commandments" (presumably because there are two different sentences in it).
Let's take the Sabbath commandment as a case in point: 8 “Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. 9 You shall labor six days, and do all your work, 10 but the seventh day is a Sabbath to YHWH your God. You shall not do any work in it, you, nor your son, nor your daughter, your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your livestock, nor your stranger who is within your gates; 11 for in six days YHWH made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day; therefore YHWH blessed the Sabbath day, and made it holy. Exodus 20:8-11WEB
There are (at least) three different "commandments" here:
- Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.
- You shall rest on the Sabbath.
- You shall not make anyone to work over whom you have authority.
Some might even add that the phrase "9 You shall labor six days, and do all your work, Exodus 20:9WEB" mandates (some form of) work on the remaining six days. I can understand the argument for this, especially when the apostle Paul says things like "10 For even when we were with you, we commanded you this: “If anyone is not willing to work, don’t let him eat.” 2 Thessalonians 3:10WEB". I disagree that the Sabbath law is implying a required six full days of work, but this is a valid alternate interpretation.
The point here is not to turn the "Ten Commandments" into the "Sixteen Commandments," but to show how one's method of counting affects any final tally.
- ↑ Blomberg, Craig L.. "От Пятидесятницы до Патмоса": Введение в Деяния через Откровение". Соединенные Штаты: Издательская группа B&H, 2006. стр. 248
- ↑ Вавилонский Талмуд, Маккот 23б-24а
- ↑ https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/961586/jewish/Positive-Commandment-226.htm
- ↑ https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/961587/jewish/Positive-Commandment-227.htm
- ↑ https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/961588/jewish/Positive-Commandment-228.htm
- ↑ https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/961589/jewish/Positive-Commandment-229.htm
